Psycholinguistic Specifics of Understanding by Ukrainian Students the Principles of Nomination of Linguocultural Models «clothing» in English and Ukrainian* Психолінгвістичні особливості розуміння українськими студентами принципів номінації лінгвокультуреми «одяг» в англійській та українській мовах**

The purpose of the article is: to show psycholinguistic peculiarities of understanding by Ukrainian students the principles of nomination of linguocultural models “clothing” in the English and Ukrainian languages. 
The methods of the research are: theoretical ones – categorical and structurally-functional analysis of the texts, the methods of systematization, modeling, generalization; empirical methods – the analysis of lexical units, the experiment. For the purpose of studying the motivation of linguocultural units we used “The methods of studying of motivation by linguocultural units of the thematic group “clothing” in the English and Ukrainian languages” (Mykhalchuk & Ivashkevych, 2020). 
The results of the research. For the understanding of linguocultural units of the thematic group “clothing” in the Ukrainian language the laws of organization of usualized (a priori) and actual (a posteriori) communicative meanings, their interaction, movement, etc. are quite important. For understanding linguocultural units of the thematic group “clothing” in the English language it is sufficient superficial perception of lexical units that denote the nominations of clothing, understanding the features of their motivation, in particular, verbs, nouns and adjectives, as well as mastering the form of presentation of this or that lexical unit. 
Conclusions. As a result of the research psycholinguistic features of students’ understanding of linguocultural units of the thematic group “clothing” in the English and Ukrainian languages were established. Productivity of students’ understanding of linguocultural units of the thematic group “clothing” in the Ukrainian language is determined by (a) the deep meaning of lexical units; (b) semantics and spatio-temporal meanings of linguocultural units; (c) syntactics of lexical units; (d) verb and noun basis of clothing nomination; (e) various connections between explicit concepts (metaphorical and metonymic transference); (f) assertive content of the nominative unit denoting “clothing”; (g) understanding of inferences, implications, intentions of the expressionж (h) explication of usualized (a priori) communicative meanings.


Introduction
In psycholinguistics, researchers define «nomination» as a combination of generalizing content and speech activity, as well as the person's thinking (Drigas, & Karyotaki, 2017;Gathercole et al, 2004;Koizumi & In'nami, 2013;Rezaei & Mousanezhad Jeddi, 2020). Thus, in the process of its creation the word goes from a mentally significant paradigm to communication, and, that is why, the study of the lexical level of any language should cover all stages of the formation of speech activity in a way from the creation of speech clichés to their functioning (Alahmadi & Foltz, 2020;Conners, 2009;Ehri et al, 2001;Heidari, 2019). Since the beginning of psycholinguistics as a science, researchers have not abandoned any attempts to study the process of actualization of mental images and facts of the surrounding reality, their transition to the facts of the language (Arrington et al, 2014;Mykhalchuk & Bihunova, 2019).
The creation of a new word is always influenced by sociohistorical experience of native speakers, their subjective and pragmatic assessments (Astle & Scerif, 2011;Engle, 2002;Komol & Sripetpun, 2011;Phani Krishna et al, 2020). The theory of nomination has the aim to provide primarily studying the process of transition from the facts of surrounding us reality to the facts of speech (Alahmadi et al, 2018;de la Garza & Harris, 2017;Hecht et al, 2001;Pimperton & Nation, 2010). In such a way in each individual speech act this process is perceived as specific and unique one (Dale & Duran, 2011;Shiva Ram et al, 2017).
The very word «clothes» is ambiguous in both English and Ukrainian languages. In dictionaries, clothes, for example, is defined in such a way: «…everything that a person wears, a dress, an outfit; or in addition to hats, gloves and shoes» (Dictionary «Multitran», 2019).
So, «clothes» is: (1) a set of objects (made of fabric, fur, leather, etc.), which cover the body of the person or what a man puts it on; (2) part of such items, excluding underwear, shoes, hats; (3) what is worn by anyone or what anyone is wearing» (Dictionary «Multitran», 2019).
Also clothes is: «(1) a set of objects that cover and hide the body: winter clothes, men's and women's clothing store. Clothes is something that is covering for the person's body; wearing apparel, dress, raiment, vesture» (Simpson & Weiner: 56).
As it is in all definitions, the first value includes the whole set of objects covering the body; in our research we understand the «clothes» as not only clothes in the form of pants, dresses, etc., but also hats, shoes, underwear, etc.
When we talk about the clothing paradigm, we always mean some classification of objects, building them by a certain hierarchy. This is also true for the thematic group that is «clothing». Each name of this group belongs to one or another thematic subgroup. Based on our definition of «clothing item» in the studied group, we can identify the following different thematic subgroups: (1) clothing; (2) shoes; (3) hats. Knowing the surrounding reality, a person invariably divides it into separate elements. This division is carried out using language units which are characterized by a certain degree of abstraction.
We consider the linguistic cultures of the thematic group «clothing» from the standpoint of the laws of nomination, which are unique for each language, as well as in a view of their associative connections between denotations in English and in Ukrainian. These connections are such kind of reflection of the national-specific perception of surrounding us reality and depend on the degree of significance of the studied lexical sphere in accordance with the culture of a particular social group.
So, the purpose of the article is: to show psycholinguistic peculiarities of understanding by Ukrainian students the principles of nomination of linguocultural models «clothing» in the English and Ukrainian languages.
So, let us analyze nominative models in the Ukrainian language. All the ways of word formation in both languages, which are compared, can be divided into: (1) grammatical (affix) ways; (2) semantic ones (subjects are changed by their lexical meaning) (Alyami & Mohsen, 2019;Falé et al., 2016;Greco et al., 2020;Knight, 1994;Tran et al., 2020). Among the linguistic cultures in the thematic group we have being studied in the Ukrainian language, we have identified the following affix word-building models, such as suffix linguocultural models. These are linguocultures models motivated by verbs with a general wordbuilding meaning «a carrier of a procedural feature», which is specified in certain types as «the instrument, means of action», «the object of actions», «the result of actions». Some suffixes (for example, suffix -к) are used in terms of their nomination of the object having been that performs the action or the object intended to perform the action, called by motivating word: плавки, підтяжки.
Linguocultural models formed with the help of this suffix are called an object (a tool, a device). They are designed to perform an action called by a motivating word. In our case it is a linguocultural model купатися -купальник. The suffix is -ник. Nouns with a suffix -ат, -ан are called as the object that is characterized by the action called by a motivating word: шльопати -шльопанець (colloquial). The other suffixes are -инк, -к. Female linguocultures with such suffixes are represented by the meaning «to the item of clothing», which is characterized by the action called by a motivating word: стелитисяустілка, стояти -стійка, ширитися -ширинка (Tlumachnyi slovnyk ukrainskoi movy, 2020).
Also linguocultural models with suffixes can have the meaning «tools, devices which have been designed to perform the action»: накидати -накидка, підв'язувати -підв'язка. Linguocultural models of the feminine gender which were by suffixation mean the «result of some action». Linguocultural models formed by suffixes called an item of clothing intended to perform the action called by a motivating word: in words плавки (плавати), підтяжки (підтягувати), повзунки (повзати) (Tlumachnyi slovnyk ukrainskoi movy, 2020).
Linguocultural models having been motivated by adjectives with word-building meaning «a sign of some peculiarity». Names of clothes motivated by relative adjectives are explicitly motivated by the adjective, and implicitly -by a noun, in turn motivating this adjective: теніска (тенісна майка) і (майка для гри в теніс) (Tlumachnyi slovnyk ukrainskoi movy, 2020). Therefore, such linguocultural models usually express the person's hidden attitude to the subject that is called «a noun». Linguocultural models with the meaning «a person who is characterized by a quantitative feature», motivated by numerals or adjectives, call an object that contains as many identical parts as the motivating word does, or an object that is a set of as many objects as was called «a motivating word» (with suffix -к).
Further lexical specification of the meaning of such nouns often depends on the fact that from a semantic point of view these words are motivated by specific phrases with a motivating adjective as a defining word: «шкіряна куртка». Linguocultural models with suffixes -к, -нк, -ок call the item of clothing by some characteristic basis, containing some motivating adjective: дублення -дублянка, косою -косинка, фланелевий -фланелька, стьобаний -стьоганка, валяний -валянок. Truncation of the base of the adjective is observed in the following cases: спеціальний -спецівка (colloquial), натільний -тільняшка (Tlumachnyi slovnyk ukrainskoi movy, 2020).
Linguocultural models motivated by nouns with the word-building meaning «a carrier of the subjective feature» (a peculiarity that consists of the attitude to the subject, by the person or by the phenomenon called by the motivational word). The next is suffix -ник. Linguocultural models with a suffix -ник (-ик) have a general meaning «the subject of clothing, which is characterized by the relation to the object, the phenomenon which is called by the motivating word»: вата -ватник, дощ -дощовик, пісок -пісочник (Tlumachnyi slovnyk ukrainskoi movy, 2020). Many names are also motivated by the adjectives with suffix -н and, as a consequence, simultaneously belong to the type of nouns with a suffix with the meaning «on the body»: пильовик (пил і запорошений), фартух (перед і передній), тільник (тіло і натільний) (Tlumachnyi slovnyk ukrainskoi movy, 2020).
Female linguistic cultural models with a suffix -ниц called an object that is characterized by a relation to what subject is called by a motivating word. These subjects include the names of parts of clothing: волосся -волосяниця, рука -рукавиця. Suffixes -овк, -івк. The meaning of all words with these suffixes explains the relation to the phenomenon called by the motivating noun: шторм -штормівка, вітер -вітровка, крос -кросівка. The meaning of «a part of the subject -the carrier of the subjective trait» is presented in linguocultural models with the suffix -ілк: гомілка (Tlumachnyi slovnyk ukrainskoi movy, 2020).
Nouns with suffix -анк are characterized by the attitude to what is called a motivating word. These names include the name of the headdress «вушанка». This group also includes linguocultural models with other suffixes, motivated by proper names and nouns, which have a general meaning «an item of clothing that is characterized by the attitude to the person named by the motivating word»: пілот -пілотка, ковбой -ковбойка (Tlumachnyi slovnyk ukrainskoi movy, 2020).
In the Ukrainian language there is a large group of words which is formed by prefix-suffix linguocultural models -nominations of clothing.
With the help of prefixes in linguocultural models, which are motivated by nouns (mostly by prefixes and suffixes), there are expressed clarifying meanings that specify the nature of the relationships of the subject with a subjective feature, called by the motivating word. These groups include: (1). Spatio-temporal meanings. Different spatial meanings (which specify the location of the object called by the motivating word, according to the object called this motivating word) are expressed in prefix-suffix linguocultural models which are motivated by nouns. Linguocultural models with the prefix на-and the suffix -ник are called an item of clothing that is intended to be on the surface of what is called by a motivating word: груди -нагрудник, коліно -наколінник, чоло -начоловник, рукав -нарукавник (Tlumachnyi slovnyk ukrainskoi movy, 2020).
(2). The meaning of the absence of an object called by a motivating word is also expressed in words which are motivated by nouns. Linguocultural models with the prefix без-and the suffix -к are called an object that is characterized by the absence of what is called by a motivating word: рукав -безрукавка, козирьок -безкозирка (the base of the word «козирьок» is truncated). Linguocultural models with the prefix па-and the suffix -ок have the meaning of similarity, name the object that is not fully identify the subject what is called by a motivating word: гомілка -паголенок (Tlumachnyi slovnyk ukrainskoi movy, 2020).
Linguocultural models with the prefix під-and the suffix -ник call the subject that is below, under what the subject is called by a motivational word: штани -підштанники, спідниця -під'юбник (colloquial) (Tlumachnyi slovnyk ukrainskoi movy, 2020). A small part of the linguocultural models of the studied thematic group in the Ukrainian language does not fit the content under the above classification, as it was formed by truncating the basis of a motivational word. Lexical unit «воріт», belonging to this group, is a truncation of the verb «повернути».
Suffixless linguocultural models were formed directly by truncation «трико» (трикотажний) і «кажан» (colloquial from «шкіряний») (Tlumachnyi slovnyk ukrainskoi movy, 2020). These grammatical ways of word formation are often combined with the term «word formation», in contrast to the following grammatical ways of word building, which are often generalized by the term «word building».
In the Ukrainian language there are also complex linguocultural models -nominations of clothing. Linguocultural models with the interfix are also formed by the method of addition, the word-forming meanings of which are created by combining the meanings of the bases, which motivate the words into one complex general meaning. In their structure, they contain a supporting component -the noun -and a dominant basis with the functions of clarification and concretization. In this model a basic component can be: (1) the basics of verbs; (2) the basics of nouns.
(1). Let us analyze the addition with the basic component containing the verb base. Linguocultural models of the feminine gender with the suffix -к is called an item of clothing intended to perform the action called the basis of the verb and specified in the first basis: водолазка, фуфайка (Tlumachnyi slovnyk ukrainskoi movy, 2020).
(2). The addition with the base component containing the base of a noun. Linguocultural models with the suffix -к have the same general meaning as the previous type.
These are the names of items of clothing and footwear, and in the second case the basic components are the basis of words with the meaning of the body part. They are preceded by the basics: (1) the nouns косоворітка, босоніжки, спецодяг (the truncated form of the adjective «спеціальний» is added to the basic component in the last example); (2) numerals and semi-truncated bases of the word «half» and «interfix», for example, -у-): триуголка, напівчеревики (полуботінки), полусапоги (полусапожок); the same examples include linguocultural model «вушанка» (Tlumachnyi slovnyk ukrainskoi movy, 2020). Linguocultural models with the suffix -ок is called an item of clothing, which is characterized by the fact that it calls the supporting base and specifies the basic dominant basis of the word.
In addition to the first two linguocultural models, which are complex names, all others as one of the components include into the basis of the noun with a modifying meaning of similarity (based on metaphorical transferring) and, therefore, can be attributed to the next group of linguocultural models.
Let us describe linguocultural models with the modification of value of similarity in the Ukrainian language. In the case of wordbuilding of linguocultural models of the thematic group «clothing» by word-formation modification in the Ukrainian language, to the meaning of the motivational word is added a certain element of content, which was absent in the original basis. However, in the meaning of the created word there is always a component «similar to the object or phenomenon called a motivating word». Word-forming modification is a synthesis of semantic transferring of the meaning and grammatical affixation.
The grammatical ways of word-building by linguocultural models have been also described by us. In both languages, comparison with the help of semantic methods of word formation refers to all kinds of changes in the meaning of words, the emergence of new meanings and reinterpretation of old ones, but, unlike the word-formation modification described above, the change of meaning under semantic word-formation occurs without inflections. In the Ukrainian language in the thematic group «clothes» we have identified the following cases of semantic affixless word formation: (1). The process of transferring meanings by similarity of features (metaphorical transferring of meanings), for example: боа (вид шарфа), труба (головний убір), метелик (тип краватки), банани (вид штанів), казанок (головний убір), циліндр (головний убір), танкетка (вид взуття).
(2). The process of transferring of meanings by various connections between explicit concepts (metonymic transferring of meanings), for example: -«material -an object having been made of this material»: хакі, джерсі, джинси; -«a place -an object having been associated with this place»: панама, бермуди, сланці; -«the person -the subject of the toilet (a detail of the subject of the toilet)»: султан, боксери; -«the property of the subject -the subject»: грація; -«the whole -a part of the whole»: шпильки, гвоздики (in the meaning «взуття на підборах, шпильки або гвоздик»); -«the action -the result of this action»: комбінація.
(3). The process of transferring of meanings by similarity of functions, for example: платформа.
Linguocultural models are given in the item «material -a subject from this material» хакі, джерсі, джинси are not perceived by native Ukrainian speakers as borrowed ones, although they were borrowed from English. However, we consider it possible to cite them as the example, as they have all long been assimilated into the Ukrainian language and included in explanatory dictionaries. The difficulty of comparing the studied languages by their morphological aspect lies in their diversity.
The Ukrainian language, which by its nature is synthetic, forms grammatical and semantic categories with the help of a huge number of inflections, while the English language, which is analytical, operates by completely different means. And since the potential of the English language is inflectional, objectively poorer than the Ukrainian language, the classification of word formation methods in the Ukrainian language cannot be applied to the English language in the whole.
That is why let us analyze nominal clothing models in English. The first are linguocultural models having been motivated by a certain part of speech. Let us describe linguocultural models motivated by verbs.
Linguocultural models of the English language, motivated by verbs and formed by suffixes -er, -or, are called or an object intended to perform some action (suspend -suspender, romp -romper, wadewader, protect -protector, wrap -wrapper, jump -jumper, traintrainer), or are called an object that is characterized by some action having been called a motivating word (sweat -sweater, chokechoker, soak -soaker, slip -slipper, sneak -sneaker) Among the linguocultural models of the English language, motivated by verbs, there are isolated models, but they are not under a general linguistic classification of models: combination (the suffix -ation in this case actualizes the meaning «the result of the action»), lounging (the suffix -ins expresses the meaning of «the object having been intended to perform the action»). There are also linguocultural models with the suffix -s: (1) a name of the object having been intended for the action (put -puttees); (2) a name of the object that is characterized by the action called a motivating word (brace -braces, snuggle -snuggles).
Among the linguocultural models having been motivated by the verb in the suffix-prefix way, in the English language only the word unmentionables has been formed. English is characterized by non-affixed way of word-building (a conversion). The following linguocultural models were formed in the studied thematic group by conversion: to shift -a shift, to shrug -a shrug, to slip -a slip (Dictionary «Multitran», 2019), which have the meaning «a subject characterized by reference to some action, called by a motivated word».
Linguocultural models in the English language having been motivated by adjectives are formed with the suffix -s and have the word-building meanings «a sign of a peculiarity»: tight -tights, slack -slacks, short -shorts, scanty -scanties, slip -slips, falsefalsies, brief -briefs (Dictionary «Multitran», 2019). In this case there is a combination of conversion and adding the ending of the noun set (by analogy with the form of the lexical unit trousers).
The largest group in the English language is formed by linguocultural models motivated by nouns. These models, above all, include those names of clothing that were formed by separating a plural form of the noun. The peculiarity of this method is that the word-building of a new word in this case is accompanied by the transformation of the grammatical ending (inflection) into a suffix:
Complex linguocultural models that contain a verb (crop-top, jumpsuit, sweatshirt, slouch hat, crush hat, coverall) or an adjective (greatcoat, petticoat, merry-widow) as a concretizing component are extremely innumerable. As for us it is also interesting the word «plusfours», having been motivated by the numeral four, which is a synthesis of the basics of verbs and numerals, as well as the inflection of -s (because this linguocultural model indicates the type of pants) (Dictionary «Multitran», 2019).
Among studied words denoting clothing in the English language there are those ones that are formed by adding the word base and the preposition. The word base of such type of word-building can be a verb (wrapover, pullover, pinafore, jerkin, slipover, underwear, cutaway) or a noun (overcoat, overskirt, overtop, undershirt, overdress, overall) (Dictionary «Multitran», 2019). In addition to the simple addition of two word bases, one way for word-building is to create clothing names with the aim to combine the base and the derived word with the suffix -er (so-called «word production» way of building lexical units).
In the studied thematic group two linguocultural models are formed by adding the suffix to a word which consists of two nouns (shirt-waister, sou'wester) and three ones by adding a suffix to a linguocultural item, one of the bases of which is represented by a verb (windbreaker, bodyshaper, chinwiper). For English word-building in general is characterized the building of new words by lexicalization of free word combinations. In such a way in the thematic group we studied the names of clothes are formed in a similar way: kiss-me-quick, all-in-one, op-art suit, leg-of-mutton, bib-and-brace, button-through dress (Dictionary «Multitran», 2019).
We did not notice such facts in the Ukrainian language. Semantic ways of word formation include various changes in the meaning of words, the emergence of new meanings and reinterpretation of well-known ones. Among the processes that we can see in the development of word meanings, the most frequent cases in the English language are: (1). The process of transferring meanings by similarity of features (metaphorical transfer of meanings), for example: a pillbox (a type of a hat), a barrel (a type of a sweater), a stovepipe (a type of a hat), etc.
All these categories can also include linguocultural models having been formed from proper names: jerry, jack, mackintosh, Vandyke, Princess Eugenie; «the characteristics of the object -the object»: stogy, waterproof; «the action -the result of the action»: combination; «a social event -a subject connected with this event»: derby; «a whole -a part of the whole»: zipper heels.
(3). The process of changing meanings in the connection with the emotionally expressive color that accompanies the subject-logical meaning of the word. For example, in the Middle English period the word mobcap underwent a development of meanings from the derogatory «black headdress» to «home hat» in contemporary English. Some linguistic cultures of the thematic field «clothes» are created in a phonological way (onomatopoeia) unique configurations of sounds: tiit (pajamas), tutu (ballerina's tutu). The example of onomatopoeia (sound imitation) is the linguocultural model of flip-flop. It is also interesting the formation of monokini (women's bathing suit that consists only of swimming trunks) and tankini (women's bathing suit that consists of swimming trunks and T-shirts), which are derived from the word bikini (women's bathing suit that consists of swimming trunks and a bodice).

Research methods and techniques
The methods of the research are: theoretical ones -categorical and structurally-functional analysis of the texts, the methods of systematization, modeling, generalization; empirical methods -the analysis of lexical units, the experiment. For the purpose of studying the motivation of linguocultural units we used «The methods of studying of motivation by linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the English and Ukrainian languages» (Mykhalchuk & Ivashkevych, 2020).

Participants
With the purpose to analyze motivation by linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the English and Ukrainian languages we proposed for 453 students of the philological faculty of Rivne State University of the Humanities «The methods of studying of motivation by linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the English and Ukrainian languages» (Mykhalchuk & Ivashkevych, 2020).
The experiment lasted during March-May, 2020. Students had to analyze (for the origin of this lexical unit) the linguocultural units proposed by us from the thematic group «clothing» in the English and Ukrainian languages. They also had to explain the principles of nomination of these units, as well as to offer their own definition of them. Then this definition students compared with the meaning proposed in a dictionary. We considered that the task was performed perfectly, when the student's justification of the meaning of linguocultural units had been coincided with the dictionary interpretation.
Before organizing our research, respondents proved informed consent to participate in the experiment. The experiment was conducted with the ethical principles of integrity, transparency, tolerance, subjectivity, autonomy. These principles were proposed by us according to the regulations of the Committee of Ethics and Morality.

The results of the research
Here are examples of the analysis by students of motivation by linguistic culture of the thematic group «clothing» in the Ukrainian language, having been done at a high level.
(1). The principle of nomination «the form». In the Ukrainian language this principle presents the most numerous group, linguocultural models, the formation of which was based on the motivational feature «the form». This group includes: -метелик (from «butterfly») -a tie in the form of a bow; -банани (from «banana») -a kind of women's pants wide up and narrowed down (shaped like a banana); -боа (from «boa» -a kind of snake) -a kind of a long scarf with feathers; -гвоздик (from «a nail») -a high thin heel; -головка (from «a head») -the front of the boots, covering the toes and a part of the foot; -косоворітка (from «oblique + gate») -a kind of a jacket with an oblique collar; -косинка (from «oblique») -women's triangular headdress or a neck scarf; -казанок (from «bowls») -a solid men's hat with a rounded top and small brims; -крильця (from «wings») -a kind of short gathered sleeves, shaped like wings; -човники (from «a boat») -open women's shoes with a pointed toe; -платформа (from «a platform») -a thickened sole of footwear or footwear on such a sole; -стремешка (it is the same as the strips, from the «stirrup»)a band sewn to the end of the pants, which covers the bottom of the foot; -таблетка (from «tablet») -a small women's hat, which resembles a tablet in its shape; -танкетка (from «a wedge» -a small high-speed tank)shoes with soles that thicken to five; -трикутівка (from «three + corners») -a shaped hat of a triangular style; -вушанка (from «three + ear») -the obsolete name of a man's hat with headphones, which is lowered with a backdrop; -труба (from «a pipe») -a women's knitted headdress (or a collar) in the shape of a pipe; -ліхтарик (from «a lantern») -a kind of sleeve, shaped like a flashlight; -шпилька (from «a lantern») -a kind of sleeve, shaped like a flashlight; -капелюх-дзвін -women's headdress in the form of a bell; -спідниця-сонце (from «skirt + sun») -women's skirt, in a straightened form it is a circle; -спідниця-олівець (from «skirt» + «pencil») -a very narrow women's skirt with a straight cut to the knees; -спідниця-бочонок (from «skirt» + «barrel») -a skirt in a shape of a barrel.
(2). The principle of nomination «the purpose of use of the thing (the purpose)». In this group of linguocultural models, in contrast to the group «form», motivation is expressed indirectly and can have the following meanings: «an object for action/performance of a function», «an object for wearing in a certain situation».
The group includes the following items of clothing: -вітровка (from «a wind») -the same as a storm; -гольфи (from the name of the game «golf») -short stockings to the knees on an elastic band (originally intended for golf) or shorts with cuffs that fasten under the knee (originally intended for golf); -дощовик (from «rain») -a coat made of waterproof fabric; -душегрійка (from «warm + shower») -a warm women's sleeveless jacket; -купальник (from «the swim») -a suit, usually women's one, for bathing; -плавки (from «the swim») -men's short pants (usually for swimming); -підтяжки (from «pull up») -two fastened, usually rubberized wide straps, thrown over the shoulders and fastened to the pants to pull them up; -підв'язка (from «tie up») -an elastic band, a ribbon for tying stockings; -повзунки (from «crawl») -a special suit for infants; -пильовик (from «dust») -a light summer coat without a lining; overalls/overalls/spetsura (from «special + clothes») -special clothes for work; -слюнявчик (from «saliva») -children's chest apron to protect clothing from excessive salivation in a case of eating food; -тілогрійка (from «warm + body») -a short warm jacket (usually sleeveless); -штормівка (from «storm») -a jacket made of dense waterrepellent fabric.
In a group of linguocultural models formed on the basis of the motivating feature «the purpose», we can distinguish the subgroup «sports games» (social event): -теніска (from the name of the game «tennis») -a light top shirt with short sleeves, usually knitted; -футболка (from the name of the game «football») -sport knitted shirt with sleeves; -бейсболка (from the name of the game «baseball») -a cap made of fabric with a long visor; -кросівки (from the name of the type of cross-country running) -sport running shoes.
(3). The principle of nomination «clothing as a material used». To the group of linguocultural models formed with the use of the motivational feature «material», in the Ukrainian language we have included the following words: -ватник (from «cotton wool») -quilted cotton jacket or a tank top; -волосяниця (from «hair») -rough hair of a monk; -кажан (from «leather») -the colloquial name of a waterproof leather or the oilcloth coat; -шкірянка (from «leather») -a leather jacket or a short leather coat; it is the same as the bat; -галявина (from «fur») -a fur covering on edges of clothes; -трико (from «knitwear») -a knitted suit that fits snugly to the body or knitted pants; -фланелька (from «flannel») -a uniform flannel blouse for sailors.
Also into this group we include linguocultural models: джинсиskinny sports pants made of denim; джерсі -clothes made of fabric jersey and khaki -uniform made of khaki material. Also we have mentioned earlier, despite their «English origin» by contemporary Ukrainian speakers these nominations of clothing are not perceived as borrowings.
(4). The principle of nomination «social, national and professional affiliation». This group is a combination of three subgroups: «social affiliation», «national affiliation» and «professional affiliation». We consider it expedient to unite these subgroups, as they all have one thing in common -«related to the individual characteristics» and they are characterized by emphasized anthropocentrism.
To linguocultural models formed on the basis of the motivational feature «nationality», we included the following culturally marked units: -угорка (from «Hungarian») -a hussar jacket; -в'єтнамки (from «Vietnamese») -light (usually rubber) shoes in a form of a sole with a strap between the first and the second toes; -кубанка (from «Kuban») -a flat fur smushka hat of the Kuban Cossacks; -фінка (from «fin») -a round flat hat with a fur trim that falls behind and on the sides; -черкеска (from «Circassian») -Caucasian mountaineers and Cossacks have a narrow long captan, tightened at the waist, without a gate and with a wedge-shaped neckline on the chest; -шотландка (from «Scotsman») -a colloquial version of the name of the national Scottish clothing «skirt-kilt».
The second subgroup includes linguocultural models having been formed on the basis of the motivational feature «social status»: -казакин (from «Cossack») -a half-captan on hooks with a standing collar, with folds behind; -плаття-селянка (from «dress» + «peasant») -a women's dress, the cut resembles that worn by peasant women in the XIX century; -султан (from «sultan») -decoration in a form of a bunch of feathers as on the hats of sultans.
Motivating feature «professional affiliation» is represented in the Ukrainian language by linguocultural units: -боксери (from «boxer») -men's briefs in a form of shorts (like boxers); -водолазка (from «diver») -a body-hugging sweater with a high, narrow, usually turning-away collar (firstly it is a sweater worn by divers under a wetsuit for insulation); -матроска (from «sailor») -a uniform blouse of sailors with a large turn-down collar of a special cut, women's or children's blouse of this style, a headdress resembling a uniform sailor's visor; -пілотка (from «pilot») -military uniform headdress (originally for pilots); -кашкет (from «forager») -a hat looks like a goat (a hat of forager).
(5). The principle of nomination «the image of the action / the attitude to the action». Prior to the group of linguocultural models, the basis for giving names to those ones is laid down by the motive meaning «the action», include such lexical units of the Ukrainian language: -воріт (from «return») -a piece of clothing around the neck; -комір (from «the collar») -a piece of clothing, sewn or fastened to the collar, the edges of which «turn» outward; -комбінація (from «to combine») -lingerie in a form of a shirt, worn directly under the dress; -комбінізон (from «to combine») -a suit that is a combination of the top of the clothes and pants; -накидка (from «to sketch») -sleeveless outerwear resembling a cloak or women's headdress in a form of a blanket that descends from the head to the shoulders and the back; -устілка (from «to be inside») -bedding made of thin leather, a cardboard, a fabric, etc., which is attached from inside to the sole of the shoe or is placed into the shoe; -стійка (from «to stand») -a standing collar in a form of a narrow strip around the neck; -ширинка (from «to spread») -the front cut of the pants.
The particular interest displays the linguocultural unit «смокінг». It came from the English phrase «a smoking jacket» (men's home jacket). In the Ukrainian language this linguistic culture means «a black jacket with open chest and long, silk lapels».
However, in the Ukrainian language the lexical unit «смокінг» has acquired the meaning of formal clothes, while in English the reality denoted by this word «smoking jacket» is still perceived as a toilet item to be worn at home. To explain the meaning of the Ukrainian word «смокінг» we often use other linguocultural models (a dinner dress, an evening suit), which are used in English.
(6). The principle of nomination «a way of wearing». The group of linguocultural models is formed on the basis of the motivational feature «a way of wearing» and it includes the following names of clothes of the Ukrainian language:

-босоніжки (from «barefoot» + «legs») -light summer women's shoes with an open back and sock;
-спіднє (from «with» + «under» + «bottom») -underwear, underwearing, underclothing; -нагрудник (from «on the chest») -a children's apron, which is worn to protect clothing from contamination when the person is eating food (the same as a bib); -наколінник (from «on» + «knee») -a bandage, an overlay worn on the knee; -налобник (from «on» + «forehead») -the ancient women's headdress in a form of a ribbon that is worn over the forehead, as well as a strap to support the hair during work; -нарукавник (from «on the sleeve») -a half-sleeve, which is worn on a top of the sleeves to prevent them from contamination, to wear during the operation; -фартух (from «before») -clothing that protects the dress from being dirty; -підштанники (from «under the pants») -the same as the pants; -під'юбник (from «under the skirt») -the lower skirt, which is worn under the upper. In the semantics of the most linguocultural models of this group it is the indication of the location of the clothing to another object of the surrounding reality.
(7). The principle of nomination «the name of parts of a human body». This group of linguocultural models in the Ukrainian language is not very numerous and is represented by the following lexical units: -халява (from «a shin») -a part of the boot that covers the shin; -паголінки (from «a shin») -a part of the shoe or stocking that covers the shin; -рукав (from «a hand») -a piece of clothing that covers the hand; -рукавиця (from «a hand») -a kind of a glove, with a separation only for the thumb; -тільник (from «the body») -the sailor's bottom knitted shirt with a blue and white stripe; -вушанка (from «the ear») -a warm hat that covers the ears.
(9). The principle of nomination «by method of production». In contrast to the English language, where this category is not represented at all, in the Ukrainian language in the studied thematic group we have identified four linguocultural models, formed on the basis of the motivational feature by «method of production»: -валянки (from «to roll») -winter shoes, boots, pile of wool; -дублянка (from «to tan») -a coat made of leather, made by the method of tanning; -мережива (from «to circle») -a network woven mesh fabric for processing of linen, clothes; -стьоганка (from «to pull») -a jacket made of quilted material (this linguocultural model can also be attributed to the group «material»).
(10). The principle of nomination «a place». Among the names of clothes in the Ukrainian language, formed on the basis of the motivational characteristics «a place», we have identified the following linguocultural units: -панама (from the name of the Panama Peninsula) -annual winged straw or a cloth hat; -пісочник (from «a sandbox») -children's summer overalls; -бермуди (from the name of the group of Bermuda islands)women's short pants in the shape of a trapeze.
(11). The principle of nomination «main characteristics». This group is also small. It includes three linguocultural units of the studied thematic group: -грація (from «grace» -grace, beauty in movements) -a kind of a corset, a rigid elastic wide belt covering a torso and supporting a breast; -сорочечка (from «to dissolve») -a shirt for babies without buttons, with a cut on the back or the chest; -шльопанці (from «to slap») -house shoes, usually without a back (when walking make a sound of slapping). Now let us describe the motivation by linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the English language. In the English language, the division into groups by the principle of nomination is somewhat different (a total of 1040 lexical units have been analyzed). In the process of the analysis of motivational characteristics we identified the following 12 groups (groups were arranged in descending order of their representativeness): (1) «a form» (20.0%); (2) «social and professional affiliation» (19.0%); (3) «a place» (16.0%); (4) «the characteristics» (12.0%); (5) «the purpose of use of the thing (the purpose)» (10.0%); «a way of wearing» (9.0%); (7) «the material having been used» (8.0%); (8) «the name of parts of a human body» (4.0%); (9) «the image of the action / the approach to provide the action» (1.0%); (10) «the presence / the absence of any detail» (1.0%).
(2). The principle of nomination «social and professional affiliation». In contrast to the Ukrainian language, this group is a combination of not three but two subgroups: «social affiliation» and «professional affiliation». The subgroup «nationality» is not represented in the English language. A group of linguistic cultures with a motivating feature «social and professional affiliation» in English consists mainly of complex nominative units containing two words.
The subgroup «social affiliation» includes the following linguocultural units: -bishop (from «bishop») -the shape of the sleeve as a bishop's cassock; -cardinal (from «cardinal») -a coat, shaped like a cardinal's cassock; -mob cap (from «mob» -чернь, натовп) -at first the headdress of the beggars that now is a cap; -loafer (from «loafer») -home slippers, light shoes like moccasins; -peasant dress (from «peasant») -peasant dress. Linguocultural units having been motivated by the sign of «professional affiliation» we have included: -boater (from «boater») -hat boatmen (в укр. канотьє, від фр. -men's, usually a straw hat with a low tulle); -boiler suit (from «boiler») -overalls, robes; -bomber jacket (from «bomber») -a type of jacket, in a style and cut is reminiscent of a pilot's jacket; -boxer shorts (from «boxer») -boxer shorts; cowboy boots/shirts (from «cowboy») -cowboy boots; cowboy shirt (usually in a cage); -crew-neck (from «crew») -shuttle cut; -forage cap (from «forager») -a hat, a cap, a forager's hat; -German sailors cap (Prinz Henrich' cap) -German sailor's hat (in a style of Prince Henry); -hiphugger-slacks (from «hiphugger») -wrestlers, wrestler pants; -jockey cap (from «jockey») -headdress in a form of a jockey's hat; -lumber-jacket (from «lumberman») -milking, «lumberjack jacket», a kind of women's knitted sweater; -toreador pants (from «toreador») -a type of pants, cut and style of which is reminiscent of a bullfighter's pants; -workman's cap (from «workman») -working cap. As in the Ukrainian language, a separate paradigm in this group is occupied by linguocultural units, motivated by proper names: -jack (the name Jack was used as a general name for the lower class in a derogatory context) -soldier's sleeveless leather jacket; -jack boots -soldier's boots; -jerry (from «jerry» -night pot on his own behalf Jerry -a derogatory nickname of the Germans) -the colloquial name of the cauldron; -long Johns (the same as Jack) -pants; -Louis Bourbon -a headdress in the style of Louis Bourbon; -Mackintosh (on behalf of the inventor) -a waterproof cloak; -Mother Hubbard (on behalf of the character of the children's poem Mother Hubbard, which was depicted in a long shirt without a belt) -nightgown; -Princess Eugenie -a headdress in a style of Princess Eugene; -Vandyke -a lace collar with teeth; -Wellingtons (from the surname «Wellington») -high rubber boots. The latter can also include the peculiarities of linguocultural units, in the name of which it is the brand of the company: -В.V.D.*S (from the name of the brand B.V.D., which produces men's underwear) -men's underwear; -London fog (from the name of the company London fog, which produces raincoats) -а raincoat; -plimsolls (from the brand name of Plimsoll line merchant ships supplying canvas) -light canvas shoes with rubber soles; -reeboks (from the name of the brand Reebok, which produces sportswear) -sneakers.
Very often a brand is used as a definition for any unit of a certain thematic group. In this case this nominative unit acquires an additional, extralinguistic meaning, which is not always clear to a foreigner, but one that is quite well recognized by native speakers. Thus, there is a «coding», a kind of labeling -«good quality product», «poor quality product», etc.
(3). The principle of nomination «a place». The group of linguocultural units is formed on the basis of the motivating feature «a place» includes: -bath robe (from «bath») -a bathrobe; -bed gown (from «bed») -a nighty; -car coat (from «саг») -a jacket for motorists; -court shoe (from «court») -shoes for the street; -derby (from «derby») -cauldron; -harem skirt (from «harem») -a skirt in a style and cut that is reminiscent of the skirts of concubines in the harem; -house coat (from «house») -a robe; -jungle coat (from «jungle») -light canvas jacket; -lounging (from «lounge») -sleepwear; -opera hat (from «opera») -a cylinder; -pram suit (from «pram») -children's suit for walks; -sou'wester (from «south-west») -a fishing hat (southwest); -street dress (from «street») -outerwear; -trench coat (from «trench») -half-overcoat or short mac with a belt (military model); -yachting cap (from «yacht») -a hat with a visor. In this group there are many linguocultural units having been motivated by toponyms: -arctic (from Arctic) -Warm boots; -Bermuda shorts (from Bermuda -the name of the island) -Bermuda shorts; -Eton tie (from Eton -the name of the university) -a tie; -Oxford shoe (from Oxford -the name of the university) -low shoes on a lace; -Panama hat (from Panama -the name of the country) -Panama; -Tyrolean hat (from Tyrol -a province in Germany) -a soft hat decorated with a pen and a brush; -Western shirt (from «western» -western) -a shirt in the Western style.
The shell-blouse (silk blouse) stands out from a general group, because unlike other linguocultural units of this group it was formed not by metonymic transfer «the characteristics -an object endowed with this characteristics», but by metaphorical transfer based on the similarity of the sign «lightness, fragility» with lexical unit «shell» (shell).
(9). The principle of nomination «the image of the action / the approach to provide the action». Linguocultural units of this group in the Ukrainian language are not as pronounced as signs of connection with the action as it is in English: -sweater (from «to sweat») -a pullover; -combination (from «to combine») -lingerie in the form of a shirt, worn directly under the dress.
In this case, the linguocultural unit «sweater» basically contains a nominative feature of attribution to the result of the action obtained as a result of the use of the object, and the linguocultural unite combination calls the object as the result of some action.
(10). The principle of nomination «the presence / the absence of any detail». The smallest group is represented by a linguocultural item with a motivating sign «the presence / the absence of details»: -button-through-dress (from «button», «through», «dress»)a dress with buttons; -sleeveless jacket (from «sleeve» + suffix -less in English traditionally explains the meaning of «no sign, no subject») -sleeveless; -laceboots / lace-ups (from «lace») -shoes with laces.
For the purpose of statistical analysis of obtained results, all the data received by us by using (Mykhalchuk & Ivashkevych, 2020) were processed using a procedure of factor analysis. As a result, analyzing the understanding by students of linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the Ukrainian language, we obtained three factors (Table 1). Conditions for full understanding of the linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the Ukrainian language concern, first of all, the ability of students to select (according to the intentions and ideas) of language means with appropriate semantics and connecting potentials (syntactics) of language means of embodiment of linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing». For students of the Ukrainian ethnic group the types of semantic and semantic-pragmatic information of implicit nature are quite important within the linguistic-cultural units of the thematic group «clothing» (by positive and assertive content, inferences, implications, implicatures, etc.), correspondence/inconsistency of speech acts of a specific type of linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the Ukrainian language.

«The methods of studying of motivation by linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the English and Ukrainian languages»
So, every linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» is a cultural phenomenon. What makes a lexical unit «cultural» is that it is not the speech information itself that describes the «passive and voiceless» object of a particular study, but the fact that the linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» is the text of another, dissimilar to our consciousness. When we are dealing with the linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing», with the author's personal worldview and the meaning that appears in the text is relevant. There is nothing in the culture but meanings and means of their transmission. So, linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» is a phenomenon of a certain culture and, as a result, can be considered as a «meaningful world». During the «meeting» of the person with the linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing», our own understanding of life will be included into the situation of cultural communication with the with the cultural world, the cultural paradigm of the language having been studied. The personal meanings of the recipient and the author's one are always dissimilar, even completely dissimilar, sometimes strikingly different from each other. This, of course, in some a way complicates the process of understanding linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing», but this discrepancy influences on its understanding. We consider linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» to be a piece of another consciousness, the understanding of which inevitably turns into a dialogue, a «meeting in a meaningful world».
From this point of view we'll emphasize that any linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the Ukrainian language has a triple meaning: (1) a primary or a common meaning; (2) a secondary one -which arises due to the syntagmatic reorganization of the linguocultural units and the opposition of the primary units; (3) tertiary meaning, which is based on non-textual associations of different levelsfrom the most general to purely personal, authorial ones (they are fixed at the level of authorial paradigms or the student's dictionary).
Thus, we emphasize on the communicative orientation of any linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the Ukrainian language, prefer the communicative approach as a dominant for Ukrainian students one in the analysis and interpretation of linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing». The joint activity of understanding the linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the Ukrainian language is characterized as a process of communication, dialogic interaction, etc. Psychological and sociocultural factors of communication are dominant in the processes of perception and understanding of any linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the Ukrainian language, especially when we talk about meaning. This makes students possible to consider any linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the Ukrainian language as a full participant in the indirect dialogic communication of other culture with the reader. Linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the Ukrainian language organically combine the characteristics associated with the knowledge of individual phenomena, with the communication of information about these phenomena during the verbal interaction of communicators.
We've got a slightly different picture in terms of students' understanding of linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the English language. In this case, we obtained two factors (Table 2). To understand by the students of the Philological Faculty the linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the English language, it is important to master the principles of nomination of lexical units, such as the principle of nomination «a form», the principle of nomination «a purpose of use of a thing (a purpose)» or «clothing as a material having been used», the principle of nomination «social, national and professional affiliation», etc. That is, if for the understanding of linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the Ukrainian language the laws of organization of usual (a priori) and actual (a posteriori) communicative meanings, their interaction, movement, etc. are quite important, then for understanding linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the English language is sufficient superficial perception of lexical units that denote the nominations of clothing, understanding the features of their motivation, in particular, verbs, nouns and adjectives, as well as mastering the form of presentation of this or that lexical unit.

The discussion of the research results
Based on the peculiarities of motivation, the names of clothes of the secondary nomination of the thematic group «clothes», which are compared, from the semantic point of view can be divided into two groups: 1) names of clothes formed on the basis of adjacency of objects in a space of clothes formed on the basis of associative-semantic principle and metaphorical transferring of meanings. Metonymic connections in the studied group of lexical units are carried out according to the following models: material -a product, the place -the object, characteristics -the object, the action -the result, the authorthe activity, a social event -the object, a whole -a part (a parta whole).
Metaphorical connections are not so diverse, they are represented by such models as: similarity of a form (a significant number of linguocultural units), similarity of functions (single cases), the nature of the feature (also single cases). Quantitative analysis of the content of groups of principles of nomination of clothing items in the languages shows that, despite the relative homogeneity of the distribution of English and Ukrainian names of clothing by semantic features, each of the languages has being compared its own characteristics. A distinctive feature of the Ukrainian language is the tendency to reflect in the names of clothes the method of production having been used in the process of their manufacture.
This motivating feature, although represented in the Ukrainian language by only 5.0% of the linguistic cultures of the studied thematic group, is completely absent in the English language. The Ukrainian language also shows a greater desire to reflect in the names of clothes the motivational feature «the purpose of the thing», while in English we have identified several groups that have the same percentage of representativeness in the studied thematic paradigm.
These are groups formed on the basis of motivational features «social and professional affiliation», «a place» and «a characteristics». In the minds of English and Ukrainian speakers, clothing is less associated with the names of parts of a human body. Such categories, as «material», the method of wearing and «a shape» are represented in these languages equally. The latter is also the most voluminous in terms of the number of linguocultural units represented in it in both languages.
In contrast to the Ukrainian language, in the English names of clothes, which were marked by the national-cultural component, there are proper names (mackintosh (from the name of the inventor Mackintosh) -waterproof cloak; jack (from Jack's own name)soldier's leather sleeveless jacket). The results of ethnolinguistic analysis indicated a high degree of anthropomorphism of the vocabulary of the languages having been compared, where the largest number of linguocultural units are associated with the physical characteristics of a man, his character and activities. In addition, in the thematic group «clothing» in English, compared with the Ukrainian language, there is a very large proportion of names of places (Oxford shoe (from Oxfordthe name of the university) -low shoes on a shoelace; Bermuda shorts (from Bermuda -the name of the island) -shorts-Bermuda), which probably indicates the scrupulousness of the English language mentality, which seeks to reflect accurately all the realities of the world.
All motivational features that formed the basis for lexical items of clothing in English and Ukrainian can be divided into parametric (external features of items perceived by all senses) and pragmatic ones (the attitude to clothing in terms of their functionality and usefulness). In percentage terms, parametric features in the study group in both Ukrainian and English are more than 90.0% of the total number of motivational features found in the group of lexical items. Such a clear predominance of parametric features over pragmatic ones indicates that for the thematic group «clothing» it is the appearance of the object that is dominant and the most significant one. The most representative of the features that reflected the appearance of clothing in both languages was the feature «a shape».
This is due to the fact that most of the information perceived by a human brain are visual images that catch the eye. In the thematic group «clothing» in both English and Ukrainian languages the transfer of the name is often carried out on the basis of metonymic reinterpretation. Metonymization is observed in 73.0% of cases in Ukrainian and in 66.0% of cases -in English. Metaphorical rethinking was recorded by us in 27.0% by the Ukrainian linguocultural units and in 34.0% by the English lexical units denoting «clothing».
In general, based on the results of our research of the degree of motivation of the thematic group «clothing» in English and Ukrainian languages, a number of basic provisions can be identified, which, in our opinion, are of great importance when considering this problem. Firstly, it is significant that the thematic group of clothing items in English is more voluminous and diverse compared to a similar group in Ukrainian (ratio ~ 2:1).
Secondly, of the lexical units of the thematic group «clothing» having been studied by us in the Ukrainian language, 44.0% are formed by secondary nomination and are motivated and, consequently, culturally marked, while in English the thematic group «clothing» is represented by more than 50.0% of linguocultural units. The obtained data indicates that in the studied thematic paradigm the English language to a lesser extent than the Ukrainian language, means the reality. This, in turn, is an indicator that any language has its own self-sufficiency and can denote any part of objective reality, but the results of the language actualization, as a rule, differ in quantitative and qualitative terms. Thirdly, the difference having been found in the English and Ukrainian languages in the dominance of some motivating features over others indicates a difference in the attitude of native speakers to the world, and this confirms our assumption that language is an integral part of national mentality, a lifestyle and national history. As a result of our research we came to the conclusion that the cultural component finds its expression in the specifics of both the reader of each language in general and its individual world paradigms in particular.
As a result of the research psycholinguistic features of students' understanding of linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the English and Ukrainian languages were established: -productivity of students' understanding of linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the Ukrainian language is determined by the deep meaning of lexical units, semantics and spatio-temporal meanings of linguocultural units, syntactics of lexical units, verb and noun basis of clothing nomination, as well as various connections between explicit concepts (metaphorical and metonymic transference), assertive content of the nominative unit denoting «clothing», understanding of inferences, implications, intentions of the expression, explication of visualized (a priori) communicative meanings, etc.; -the laws of the organization of usual (a priori) and actual (a posteriori) communicative meanings, their interaction, movement, intersection are quite important for understanding by students of linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the Ukrainian language; -productivity of students' understanding of linguocultural units of the thematic group «clothing» in the English language is determined by the peculiarity of the presentation of clothing nominations motivated by verbs, adjectives and nouns, understanding the meaning of two noun bases, as well as changing meanings due to emotionally the color of the lexical unit, which depends on a certain principle of nomination («a form», «a purpose of use of the thing (a purpose)», «social, national and professional affiliation», etc.).