Psycholinguistic Aspects of Realisation of Acme Potential of Life Scripts of Ukrainian Writers-Emigrants

Introduction. This article has been devoted to the research of the issue of realization of psycholinguistic resources of acme potential of the Ukrainian writers and scientists whose activities are connected with generation of texts, in another cultural environment. So as to study the peculiarities of this process, which is the aim of the article, the main focus has been put on the empirical research of the correlation between the sociocultural adaptation of Ukrainian emigrants and the indicators of acmeological and psycholinguistic resources and on revealing differences in the indicators of resources and adaptation of Ukrainian emigrants who deal with writing and scientific activities in comparison with emigrants who do not. Materials & Methods. The life sense orientation, psychological position, and the sociocultural adaptation have been identified as the main indicators of acme realization of emigrants. Accordingly, the diagnostic instruments of the study included the Life Sense Orientation Test by D. Leontev, which is an adapted version of Purpose-In-Life Test by J. Crumbaugh & L. Maholick, the «Fullness of Life» methodology by J. Powell and the Questionnaire of a Personality Adaptation to New Socio-Cultural Environment by L. Yankovskiy. Results. It has been confirmed that the desire to self-realization of the emigrants depends on interest and emotional fullness of life, self-imagination and acceptance of others. The statistically confirmed results of the research have confirmed the differences between the indicators of resources and adaptation of the Ukrainian emigrants conducting writing and scientific activities, compared to the emigrants not conducting such activities. It has been stressed out that the Ukrainian emigrants generating texts have more harmonious type of adaptation, and more often perceive the process of life as full of sense compared to those emigrants whose activities do not include narrativization. The received results testify the importance of development of acme technologies for the Ukrainian emigrants through a prism of psycholinguistics methodology.


Introduction
The issue of peculiarities of communicative activity and speech adaptation through generating of texts by Ukrainian writers-emigrants in the context of deployment of their life script, the new cognitive-emotional formation of an individual identification reflected in behavioral strategies of the internal model of own I, is one of the applied issues of psycholinguistics. The topicality of its solution is enhanced by the active international academic and professional mobility of the modern Ukrainians, whose age range coincides with the acme period, which is the most productive for achieving peak personality development. Considering that the transformation of identity in the conditions of emigration is accompanied by the loss of resources, it is important to study the factors of the restoration process and multiplication of acme potential of emigrants' life scripts, which involves the accumulation of external and internal resources for adaptation of the individual in the society and their maximum self-realization. Special attention is needed for studying the psycholinguistic resources of the deployment of the reflection-based process of self-knowledge of Ukrainian writers-emigrants (writers and scientists), the motivating force of which is the choice of goals and ways their essence realization, self-determination and aspiration for selfpresentation in a new cultural environment, in particular by the means of speech activity (text generating). Understanding the constructive potential of the psycholinguistic resources of the life script acme realization of the writers-emigrants can direct scientists in the direction of acmeologization of the representatives of the external and internal emigration and providing them with e ective psychological and acmeological support in di cult life situations.

Literature Review of Previous Researches
The issues of acmeologization of personality, as a process aimed at achieving the peaks of personal, professional, social and spiritual selfimprovement (Molodychenko, 2010) in the other cultural environment, are mostly presented in Ukraine in psychological and pedagogical researches. At the same time, the role of psycholinguistics in this process should be emphasized. Thus, the issues of intercultural adaptation, in particular, speech adaptation (Zasiekina, 2011;Tarasiuk, 2013), speech competency and speech experience (Orap, 2014), factors of adaptation, particularly, psycholinguistic means of forming productive bilingualism (Shyriaieva, 2010), have taken an important place among the national scientific interests of the last decade. Despite the present interest of psycholinguistics in addressing the issues of adaptation, there is a lack of research on the role of psycholinguistic resources in this process. The study of this issue in the measurement of the acme potential of the life scripts of Ukrainian writers-emigrants also requires a new perspective.
Resources and barriers of a personality's life-creative activities have usually been studied in the context of irrational and rational cognitions, which represent a complex of basic beliefs about oneself and the significance of others in the surrounding world, which largely depends on the relationship of a child with the parents (Berne, 2016;Stewart & Joines, 2012;Steiner, 2013;Bleses et al., 2018;Ellis et al., 2017;Humeniuk, 2011;Karpenko & Karpenko, 2015). Therefore, the technologies of optimization of modeling practices and life path correction are in the field of scientific interest. Important in this context is the issue of understanding and interpreting life experiences for personal growth. For the transformation of life experience, scientists determined narrativization as an e ective means of representation of subjective picture of the world and life sense (Tytarenko, 2012;Chepeleva, 2012Chepeleva, , 2013. At the same time, its role for successful acmeologization of Ukrainian writers-emigrants, particularly realization of psycholinguistic resources, remains unclear. Insu cient theoretical study and empirical research of the outlined topic certifies about its relevance and practical need in its study.

Aims and Tasks
We assume that acme potential of life scripts of the Ukrainian writers-emigrants and scientists-emigrants, the professional activity of which is related to the generation of the narratives, will contain the di erences in the indicators of psycholinguistic and acme resources compared to those, whose activities are not connected with these types of creative activity. Therefore, the aim of this article is to reveal the results of studies and researches of realization of psycholinguistic resources of acme potential of life scripts by the Ukrainian emigrantsscientists and writers.
Accordingly, the tasks of the research were directed at empirical determination of (1) dependence of sociocultural adaptation of the Ukrainian emigrants on acmeological potential of their life scripts; (2) di erences in the indicators of acme potential of their life script scenarios, its realization and psycholinguistic resources concerning narrativization.

Research Methods
The following diagnostic instruments were used for accomplishing the aim and tasks of the article (Table 1).  (Leontev, 2000)

Results and Discussion
Speech activity, also considered as a certain «system of guidance», is one of the main issues of psycholinguistics (Kalmykova, 2011).
The mechanism of reflection, mechanism of speech memory, and mechanism of prediction are usually referred to the main psycholinguistic mechanisms of speech activity (Diachuk, 2015a). Given that the thought is the object of speech activity, and the language is the means (Diachuk, 2015b), these mechanisms can be considered as psycholinguistic resources for the realization of the acme potential of the life scenarios of writers and scientists, whose activities are related to generation of texts (product of speech activity), with a crucial role played by a mechanism of comprehension (Diachuk, 2015b).
The conceptual characteristics of the term «resources» is determined by the structure and character of these life necessities (adaptation, overcoming di cult life situations, certain kinds of activities, selfrealization etc.), which are intended to be ensured by the resources (Perevozchikova, 2012). Along with the transactional analysis in which life script is understood as the unconscious life plan (Berne, 2016), we rely on other theories of modern psychotherapy, in which this phenomenon has been studied as a «scheme» (Young, 2003), «script», «frame» (Ungerer & Schmidt, 1996), «life orientation» (Guidano, 1995), that is, as a result of creative transformation of the primary data (perceptual, mnemonic information) by a person into the stable patterns of cooperation with the world and one's own personal conceptual system.
We determine modeling of the future as the common task of the life script in these theories. Therefore, adaptation of the personality to these processes is the task of its resources. It is obvious that implementation of such tasks cannot be considered outside the system of the personality's life senses, which are constructed through the reflexive correlation between the process of life and its predicted result. It is worth noting that the cognitive schemes of the personality are perceived as values, and therefore their implementation has personal meaning. Thus, the intentional aspects of life scripts in subjective terms appear as convictions (beliefs, attitudes), and in objective terms as motives. Since the conscious reflection of the future in the motives happens on the basis of past experience, it is obvious that the senses are a mechanism of formation of the life script resources and simultaneously a central psycholinguistic resource of realization of the life script acme potential (accumulative system of external and internal resources for adaptation of a person to society and their maximum selfrealization). This thesis has been confirmed by the results of our previous research (Handzilevska, 2018). In this research the life sense orientations as the main indicators of formation of acmeological potential of life scripts have been determined. The psychological analysis of the repertoire of the life roles presented in metaphoric narratives of the modern Ukrainian writersemigrants has been used.
According to the concept of acmeological resources of M. Khvatova (Khvatova, 2012), acme resources are considered to be the form of adaptive capabilities of a person, ensure the stability of their interaction with the environment, accordance with the norms of a society, personal goals and attitudes towards themselves. They are described from the position of individual and social, invariance and variability. In this regard, we consider the life script, which is a stable and typical behavioral strategy of the internal model of one's own self, to be an invariant for reaching acme in di erent spheres of life activities. This includes presence of variational components unique for each person, that provide adaptation to the changes while preserving emotional comfort, which is considered to be an indicator of e ective social adaptation and psychological health of the immigrant (Blinova, 2013). It is obvious that sociocultural adaptation is an indicator of realization of acme potential of life scripts of the Ukrainian emigrants, when «realization» points out to the reality.
It is worthwhile to note that the term «existential (psychological) life position of a child» is distinguished in transactional analysis, in which scientists associate the child script decisions with the existential life positions, their basic life setting, representing a complex of basic convictions about oneself and the surrounding world, largely depending on the child's relationships with the parents (Berne, 2016;Stewart & Joines, 2012;Steiner, 2013). Convictions and beliefs as the cognitive-a ective formation of the personality, in a minimized form include a certain system of more or less conscious knowledge of the person about their own capabilities and the world as a whole, encouraging them to act in accordance with their own value orientations. Regardless of whether the convictions are rational or not, at the time of their formation they represent the senses of a personality and ensure execution of the functions of adaptation, overcoming, creative adaptation and modeling of the futurethe functions of the resources (Humeniuk, 2011). Therefore, we have reasons to consider the complex of convictions and beliefs, which is a certain life (psychological) position of a personality, as a notional concept and main indicator of the life script acme resources. Based on the theories of A. Beck and A. Ellis (Beck & Ellis, 2000), in which the concept of irrational cognitive formations is interpreted as those hindering adequate adaptation, it is possible to distinguish the notional and life scripts: favorable if the convictions are rational, and unfavorable if they are irrational. Existential life position, in frames of transactional analysis, correlates with the script decisions, behavior schemes of a child, and therefore their life scripts (Steiner, 2013).
The mentioned above proves the importance of correction of «trigger» script mechanismsdrivers (directives), inspired to a child by the parents, for formation of the resource life script. It is likely that narration, the transformation of life experience into narrative structures, has contributed to this process (Chepeleva, 2013). Indeed, by constructing one's own personal narrative (as a verbal part of the life script (Kostina, 2013), a person constructs in one's own notional environment a certain hierarchy of life senses which structure and organize their individual life experience, and also build up a meaningful basis for construction of life scenarios (Chepeleva, 2012).
Together with this, on the example of psychological and historical reconstruction of acme scripts of such writers-emigrants as Dmytro Nytczenko, Lesia Bohuslavets, Ulas Samchuk and Oksana Liaturynska and the content, intent-and narrative analysis of their works (Handzilevska, 2016), it was observed that the patriotically oriented life position appearing in their rational beliefs and convictions, which we determine as the resource of their life script, in the long term helped the writers in preserving their national identity and contributed to resisting the assimilation processes and helping the e ective acmeologization which is reaching the peaks (acme) of personal, professional, social and spiritual self-improvement in another cultural environment (Molodychenko, 2010).
This, in turn, has been reflected in the literary works of the writers. Thus, the result of the statistical calculation of lexical units in the work of Vasyl Samchuk «Youth of Vasil Sheremeta» demonstrates the presence in the consciousness of U. Samchuk of knowledge about the peculiarities of his people, the author's understanding of himself as a representative of his people, who is called upon to preserve his own culture.
The intent -and content analysis of the poem «Testament» of the Ukrainian writer-emigrant Dmytro Nytczenko, conducted for identification of the psychological conditions and factors of preservation of patriotism by the writer, has enabled to claim that through the categories «connection» and «time» the intentional category «I» transforms to the category «We», which in turn emphasizes the unity of the author with the Ukrainian people. The quantitative indicator of the meaning sense units of the most expressed categories «close», «unity», «ability» -G=8; verbal fullness of the selected categories according to the total amount of words (315 words) is: category «connection» (3,8%), category «self-identification» (3,49%), category «time» (3,17%). In this poem of D. Nytczenko we have also determined the basic verbs, expressed in the call by such units as «love», «preserve», «glorify», which we interpret as an incentive to take direct action to defend the homeland at the proper time, which includes presentation and glorification of the own country abroad without allowing a shame in its address. Using the principles of narrative psychology, we see in this author's narrative an e ective need for the writer to serve his nation. Thus, the poetic testament of the author testifies both to the high level of patriotic consciousness and reflection of the writer, as well as to the sustainability of the public life position, which ensured the realization of strategic goal of the writer's life script.
In this research we focus on the role of psycholinguistic resources in the process of realization of life script acme potential of Ukrainian writersemigrants. A general empirical sample consisted of 64 respondents, representatives of overseas Ukrainians from Australia, USA, Canada, Great Britain, Bulgaria, Spain, Italy, Germany, France, Switzerland, Poland and China, and included the emigrants who are involved in literary and scientific activities (18 writers and 14 scientists, 32 persons not involved in either scientific or literature activities). In forming the empirical sample we took into account that chronologically, the acme period can be roughly defined by age limits from 16 till 55-60 (Humeniuk, 2011), the life script can be considered as formed before 20 years old (Berne, 2016), the age period 25-45 years old is sensitive for self-realization (Buhler, 1971;Balashov et al., 2016;Balashov, 2013).
The direct correlation between the indicators of such adaptation type as «Adaptability» and the scales of life sense orientations -«Process of Life» and «Locus of control -I», has been determined as a result of the correlation analysis (Pearson correlation coe cient was applied) of the data of the researched according to the questionnaire of the personality adaptation, Life Sense Orientation Test (LSO), methodology «Fullness of life» (Table 2). This, in turn, has proved that the desire of the emigrants for self-realization is dependent on the interest and the emotional richness of life, the perception of oneself as a strong personality who has enough freedom of choice for building one's own life in accordance with one's own goals and understanding of its sense. Besides, the direct correlation between the indicators of the emigrants' adaptation type «Adaptability» and the inverse correlation between the types «Depression», «Nostalgia» and «Alienation» with the indicator of the subscale «Which are others», proves the importance of the positive acceptance of others for the process of acmeologization (Leontiev, 2000;Yankovskiy, 2004).
In addition, the direct correlation between the type of adaptation of emigrants «Adaptability», and the reverse correlation between the types «Depression», «Nostalgia» and «Alienation» with the indicator «Which are Others», indicates the importance of positive acceptance of others and adequate self-esteem and self-value for realization of the life scripts acme potential. Direct correlation between the adaptation scales «Conformity», «Interactivity» with the scale «Which am I» confirm it. These results are confirmed by the inverse correlation between the scale «Depression» with the subscale «Which is life», and the direct correlation of the scale «Interactivity» with the subscale «Which is natural world». Thus, a positive attitude to life and knowledge of the surrounding world contribute to the active entering into the new environment and finding of new senses and values (Table 2).
It has been researched that the use of narration is statistically connected with socio-cultural adaptation, and namely the direct correlation with the type «Adaptability» (,303, p≤0,05 ) and the inverse correlation with «Depression» (-0,267,p≤0,05); direct correlation with the subscale «Process of life» (,283, p≤0,05), and the subscale «Which are others» (,279, p≤0,05). Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the Ukrainian emigrants created narratives, had more harmonious type of adaptation and more often accepted the life process as more interesting, emotionally intensive and full of sense compared to those ones whose activities did not include narrativization.
The use of Cohan's d criterion has allowed to determine the statistical significance of the di erences between the indicators of sociocultural adaptation of the writers-emigrants and not writers-emigrants, particularly such types as «Adaptability» (d=0,65) and «Depression» (d=0,56) (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Types of Adaptation of Emigrant Depending of the Use of Narrativization
Also, the statistical significance of the di erences between the indicators of life sense orientation of the writers-emigrants and not writers-emigrants of the subscale «Process of life» (d=0,60) ( Figure 2).

Figure 2. Average meanings of Subscales «Process of Life» and LSO Depending on the Use of Narrativization
The statistically significant di erences between such indicators of psychological position of the writers-emigrants and not writers-emigrants of the subscale «Which are others» (d=0,585) have been found out ( Figure  3) These results suggest that the narration, the functions of which are realized by literary and scientific activities (Afanasiev & Vasylenko, 2015), is one of the factors of di erences between the indicators of the acmeological potential of life scripts of Ukrainian emigrants, its implementation and psychological resources. Therefore, generating of artistic and scientific texts as a form of sense-making process, which provides comprehension, linguistic memory and prediction, can be considered a constructive factor of acme realization of Ukrainian emigrants.
Constructive and destructive factors of creative potential selfrealization of a person in the process of acmeologization are primarily the subject of interest in psychological and acmeologic studies. It is necessary to note the works of N. Kuzmina (Kuzmina, 2015), who has associated the cause of the decrease productive results in the new conditions with the matrix of orientation (abilities, motives, responsibility, competence, skills or capability); U. Humeniuk (Humeniuk, 2011) who has empirically identified the connection between irrational beliefs, considered by the author in the context of the motive of avoidance, and meaning-generating processes which are the indicators of acmeologization; S. Maksimova (Maksimova, 2006) who has emphasized the dependence of the forms of creative activity of the person (nonadaptive and adaptive) from child script decisions-prohibitions and prescriptions (psychological barriers) etc.
In the context of studying the parental prohibitions it should be noted that the Danish psychologists (Bleses et al., 2018) have determined a correlation between the frequency of use of certain words (including directive ones) in relation to children and such variables as education of mother, child's gender, number and order of the birth of children in the family. For example, in the families with a few children, the word «to rush» was recorded significantly more often than in the families with one child. In In the fundamental complex longitude study (Ellis et al., 2017), the patterns of responses to stress have appeared to be adaptive in biological sense (since they ensure survival). Studying the role of early childhood experience in formation of the life history strategies as a part of the system of response to stress (Ellis et al., 2009), the scientists point out that the quality of parental «investments» in a child (emphasis on providing the resources and strict parental discipline, as opposed to warm and supportive parental behavior) is the source, from which the children receive information about the risks and opportunities of their surrounding environment. This thesis has overlapped with the results of our study.
In our previous researches (Pasichnyk et al., 2017), on a basis of correlative analysis, we determined a connection between the personal readiness for changing of internally displaced people, which is one of the adaptation factors, to script settings (early child decisions). The subscale «Confidence» turned out to be inversely related to scenario bans «Do not be successful», «Do not do» and «Do not be a child»; indicators of the subscale «Inventiveness» are lower when the bans «Do not grow up», «Do not be successful» and «Do not do» are clearly expressed; the subscale «Optimism» inversely correlates with the ban «Do not be successful»; the subscales «Courage» and «Tolerance» are inversely correlated with the script ban «Do not belong». According to the results of the mentioned research, the script bans inversely correlate with the scales of the questionnaire of Life-sense orientations. The persons lacking life goals (subscale «Life Goals») have clearly introjected bans «Do not show up» and «Do not be yourself». Persons with a low interest to their lives and emotional fullness of lives (subscale «Process of Life») are driven by the bans «Do not be yourself», «Do not be successful», «Do not create», and by the drivers «Strive» and «Hurry up». Satisfaction with their own selfrealization is lower when the bans «Do not be yourself» and «Do not be successful» are more clearly expressed. Considering the fact that senses are the criteria for reaching acme (Bodalev, 1998), we conceive the singled out bans to be the acme barriers. All this illustrates and specifies the above-mentioned thesis that unsuccessful life script based on irrational cognitions impedes e cient adaptation and acme realization.
The previous results of the study are validated at the sample of the Ukrainian emigrantsrepresentatives of Ukrainians overseas from Poland, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Finland, Portugal, Belgium, Netherlands, France, Great Britain, USA, Austria, Canada, Norway, Italy, Denmark, Switzerland, Mozambique, the countries of Eastern Asia and others (n=103) (Handzilevska, 2018).
The statistically confirmed correlation of scrip decisions of the emigrants with such types of socio-cultural adaptation «Adaptability», «Conformity», «Depression», «Nostalgia», «Alienation», has given us reasons to distinguish such irrational script decisions («Do not be a child», «Do not be successful», «Do not be first», «Do not be meaningful», «Do not be (not show up)», «Do not become closer», «Do not be yourself», «Do not be healthy», «Do not grow up», «Do not feel», «Do not belong») to be the psychological barriers for the emigrants' sociocultural adaptation and self-realization, which in turn broadens the limits of understanding the acme barriers and reasons for disadaptation to the new other socio-cultural environment. It has been determined that life script as an invariant of acmeologization of the emigrants in the conditions of their adaptation to a new socio-cultural environment requires some corrections of its variable components, in particular the destructive script settings. In this regard, there have been identified the constructive factors of the emigrants' acmeologization, which direct the searches of the ways to optimize this process.

Conclusions
The obtained in this research results help to solve the actual psychological and psycholinguistic issues that are in the sphere of interest of modern Ukrainian scientists, and namely, searching by a person for the e ective methods of the process of development of one's life cautiousness, optimizing social and psychological practices of modeling the life path, particularly understanding and interpretation of life experience of personal growth by the means of self-regulation (Balashov et al., 2018) and narrativization (Tytarenko, 2012).
Following U. Humeniuk (Humeniuk, 2010), we adhere to the idea of inexpediency of designing typology of acme-capable and acme-incapable personalities, and expediency of studying the constructive factors of the process of achieving the peak development instead, which in turn has directed our scientific and practical interest.
There has been found and confirmed a direct correlation between the indicators of such type of adaptation as «Adaptability», and the scale of life sense orientation «Process of Life» and «Locus of Control I»; direct correlation between the indicators of emigrants «Adaptability» and reverse correlation between «Depression», «Nostalgia» and «Alienation» with the indicator of scale «Which are Others»; direct correlation between the adaptation scales «Conformity», «Interactivity» with the scale «Which am I» confirm it. Thus, it has been confirmed that the desire to self-realization of the emigrants depends on interest and emotional fullness of life, self-imagination and positive acceptance of life.
The statistically significant di erences in the indicators of sociocultural adaptation, life sense orientations and fullness of life of the writers-emigrants compared to not writers have allowed determining narrativization, the function of which is executed by the literary and scientific activities, as a factor of di erences of the indicators of acme development potential of life scripts of the Ukrainian emigrants, its realization and psycholinguistic resources.
There have been distinguished significant di erences for the scale «Adaptability» of the adaptability questionnaire; found out significant di erences for the scale «Fullness of life» of the LSO questionnaire; determined significant di erences for the scale «Which are others» of the «Fullness of life» methodology. It has been stressed out that the Ukrainian emigrants creating narratives have more harmonious type of adaptation, and more often perceive the process of life as full of sense compared to those emigrants whose activities do not include narrativization. This, in turn, provides reasons to distinguish narrativization as the constructive factor in optimization of the process of realization of life script acme potential of the Ukrainian writers-emigrants. At the same time, consideration of psycholinguistic resources in the process of acmeologization may lead to a new perspective on the development of technologies of psychological support for the emigrants. We consider the prospect of further research in including psycholinguistic resources to the development of technologies of psychological and acmeological support of Ukrainian emigrants.