International terrorism, electronic media-operation and regulation of TV news channels during the terrorism coverage
Abstract
The concept of globalization or internationalization of certain wars, which were result of terrorist activities worldwide, as well as the high attention of terrorism coverage worldwide broadcasting might open up better opportunities to journalists – particularly to those who work in democratic countries like U.S.A and India – to improve their coverage. The context is the key: the context of the operation methodology, follow of regulatory bodies guidelines, the journalistic culture and the global environment.
It is very important how media presents consequences of terrorist acts, how information is transmitted to public. Television and press have had a significant impact on how public receives terrorist acts and their consequences. As a result, nearly each public survey indicates that responders almost anywhere put fear of terrorist acts on the top of their priority list.
In order to reach out a conclusion on this paper, a researcher has gone through number of books related to terrorism and media, has examined significant number of journals which deals with core issue of terrorism and its coverage by media.
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References
U.S. State Dept – Coordination for counter-terrorism.
National strategy against terrorism.
Recent news analysis and legislation regarding terrorism.
Domestic Terrorism: A National Assessment of State.
Restructuring South Asian Security – Manas Publication,New Delhi.
Global Terrorism – The Way Forward – New Dawn Press-Maj Gen Vinod Saighan.
Media and World at War- Gerald Haskins.
Oil, Money and Secret Saudi World- Steve Coll.
Ghost Wars- Steve Coll.
Media and War on Terrorism-Stephen Hess –Marvin Kalb Books.
Weekly reports of Project for Excellence in Journalism.
Mumbai Post 26/11( A collection of Essays by noted experts).
Confronting Terrorism- Edited by Maruf Raza.
Tracking of BBC World, CNN International, CNN-IBN, Aaj Tak.
topics.cnn.com/topics/terrorism
www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/trade.center/
articles.cnn.com/.../vinas.cruickshank.analysis_1_qaeda-pakistani-tal
globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/.../democracy’s-drama-in-terrorism
www.youtube.com/watch
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www.democraticunderground.com
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Alex P. Schmid and Albert J. Jongman (1988). Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories and Literature (pp. 1-32). Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing.
Bernard Lewis (1967). The Assassins: A Radical Sect in 4. Islam. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
Schmid A. and Graaf, Janny de (1982). Violence as Communication: Insurgent Terrorism and the Western News Media. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Clutterbuck, R. (1981). The Media and Political Violence. London: Macmillan.
Abraham Miller (ed.) (1982). Terror, the Media and the Law. Dobbs Ferry, NY: Transaction.
Schmid, A. P. (1989). Terrorism and the Media: The Ethics of Publicity, TPV 1/4 (Oct.), pp. 539-658.
Tugwell, M. (ed.) (1981). Politics and Propaganda of the Provisional IRA (pp. 13-40). London: George Alien and Unwin.
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Warner, M. and Crisp, R. (eds) (1990). Terrorism Protest and Power (p. 52). London: Elgar.
On terrorists' manufacture of media events see the useful discussion in Schmid and de Grant Violence as Communication (note 5), pp.9-56.
Schmid 'Terrorism and the Media' (note 12) pp.539-65.
Hamid Mowlana, 'The Role of the Media in the US-Iranian Conflict', in Andrew Arno and Wimal Dissanake (eds), The News Media in National International Conflict (Boulder, CO: Westview 1984).
Evidence for this assessment can be found in Tim Gallimore's valuable paper, 'Media Compliance with Voluntary Press Guidelines For Covering Terrorism', presented at the Terrorism and the News Media Research Project conference.
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